{"id":5377,"date":"2023-03-28T12:39:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T12:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hormonguiden.se\/?p=5377"},"modified":"2023-03-28T13:09:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T13:09:46","slug":"premenstruellt-syndrom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hormonguiden.se\/staging\/premenstruellt-syndrom\/","title":{"rendered":"Premenstruellt syndrom och premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5377\" class=\"elementor elementor-5377\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dc0ca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dc0ca9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-315c607\" data-id=\"315c607\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-317f4f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"317f4f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vad \u00e4r PMS och PMDS?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b525678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b525678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"SV\">Det finns tv\u00e5 begrepp som definierar de psykiska symtom som kvinnor kan uppleva under menstruationscykeln; Premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) och premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom (PMDS).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">PMS definieras som en f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring i tv\u00e5 symptom veckan innan mens, varav \u00e5tminstone ett ska vara psykiskt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">PMDS definieras som ett depressionstillst\u00e5nd som intr\u00e4ffar varje m\u00e5nad inf\u00f6r mens. Vid PMDS ses en f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring i \u00e5tminstone fem symptom f\u00f6re mens, varav minst fyra ska vara psykiska. PMDS p\u00e5verkar dessutom&nbsp;&nbsp;kvinnans liv och funktionsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"SV\">B\u00e5de PMS och PMDS f\u00f6rsvinner inom n\u00e5gon dag efter att menstruationen startat. Man kan se dessa tillst\u00e5nd som ett och samma syndrom men med olika allvarlighetsgrad, d\u00e4r PMS \u00e4r en l\u00e4ttare variant av besv\u00e4ren och PMDS ett sv\u00e5rare, ofta behandlingskr\u00e4vande, tillst\u00e5nd. Olika studier kommer fram till olika resultat vad g\u00e4ller f\u00f6rekomst av PMS och PMDS. De mest tillf\u00f6rlitliga studierna finner att omkring 17-18% av alla kvinnor har PMS och att 3-5% har PMDS<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"SV\">De symtom man kan ha vid PMDS \u00e4r<\/span><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">nedst\u00e4mdhet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">\u00f6kad irritation och ilska<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">\u00e5ngest<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">hum\u00f6rsv\u00e4ngningar<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">koncentrationssv\u00e5righeter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">minskad eller \u00f6kad aptit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">minskad energi<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"SV\">fysiska symtom som br\u00f6stsp\u00e4nning, svullnadsk\u00e4nsla eller huvudv\u00e4rk.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"SV\">Det finns inget symptom som \u00e4r unikt f\u00f6r PMDS utan flertalet symtom som anges \u00e5terfinns ocks\u00e5 som kriterier f\u00f6r \u00e5ngest- eller depressionssyndrom<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">. N\u00e4r man \u00e4r i den premenstruella fasen g\u00e5r det inte att skilja PMDS fr\u00e5n en depressionsepisod, majoriteten av kvinnor med PMDS har s\u00e5 uttalade besv\u00e4r att det motsvarar en medelsv\u00e5r till sv\u00e5r depression<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">. F\u00f6r att skilja PMDS fr\u00e5n en vanlig depression (eller \u00e5ngestsyndrom) \u00e4r det viktigt att f\u00f6ra dagbok s\u00e5 att man ser att symtomen bara kommer f\u00f6re mens och att de verkligen f\u00f6rsvinner n\u00e4r mensen startar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"SV\">M\u00e5nga kvinnor med PMDS har tidigare erfarenhet av psykisk oh\u00e4lsa<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">, och PMDS \u00e4r i sig en riskfaktor f\u00f6r senare depressionsepisod<\/span><span lang=\"SV\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a635e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a635e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Varf\u00f6r f\u00e5r man PMDS?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc41834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc41834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Man var redan tidigt inne p\u00e5 att PMDS har en koppling till \u00e4ggstockarnas funktion, och de tv\u00e5 hormoner, \u00f6strogen och progesteron, som produceras d\u00e4r. Progesteron blev tidigt huvudmisst\u00e4nkt, eftersom kvinnornas symtom sammanf\u00f6ll med den tidpunkt i menstruationscykeln d\u00e5 man har progesteron i omlopp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11904d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11904d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/hormonguiden.se\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Graf_Hormon_1.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1813\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b61426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b61426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.015em;\">Schematisk illustration.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94b6891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94b6891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Professor Torbj\u00f6rn B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m gjorde ett antal mycket viktiga studier p\u00e5 80-talet f\u00f6r att bevisa att progesteron \u00e4r inblandat. Den kanske viktigaste uppt\u00e4ckten han gjorde var att han noterade att kvinnan m\u00e5ste ha en \u00e4gglossning f\u00f6r att hon ska f\u00e5 symtom. \u00c4gglossning i sin tur \u00e4r en f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r att \u00e4ggstocken ska producera progesteron. Har man ingen \u00e4gglossning produceras inget progesteron. Varf\u00f6r det bara \u00e4r vissa kvinnor, och inte alla, som f\u00e5r PMDS av sitt eget progesteron vet vi \u00e4nnu inte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ec303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71ec303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Varf\u00f6r finns PMDS?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e66808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e66808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Finns n\u00e5gon anledning till att vissa kvinnor f\u00e5r PMDS. Fyller det n\u00e5gon funktion?<\/p>\n<p>Sannolikt \u00e4r PMDS en artefakt, dvs n\u00e5got som inte alls fyller n\u00e5gon funktion eller som till och med inte ens var t\u00e4nkt att bli ett problem. Det var helt enkelt inte meningen att vi skulle menstruera s\u00e5 ofta.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Det \u00e4r f\u00f6rst under 1900-talet som kvinnor f\u00e5r tillr\u00e4ckligt bra h\u00e4lsa, tillr\u00e4cklig kunskap och \u00e4ven m\u00f6jlighet att kunna menstruera. Dessf\u00f6rinnan hade vi inte s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga menstruationer under v\u00e5rt liv som vi har idag. Idag f\u00e5r vi (i genomsnitt) v\u00e5r f\u00f6rsta menstruation vid 13 \u00e5rs \u00e5lder och den sista menstruationen intr\u00e4ffar som regel vid 52 \u00e5rs \u00e5lder. Med avdrag f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 graviditeter och tillh\u00f6rande amningsperioder kommer vi att menstruera i cirka 36 \u00e5r, dvs drygt 400 menstruationer.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r 200 \u00e5r sedan var h\u00e4lsol\u00e4get ett annat. Sv\u00e4lt, undern\u00e4ring, och ensidig kost f\u00f6rsenar puberteten och tidigarel\u00e4gger klimakteriet. \u00c5ldern f\u00f6r f\u00f6rsta menstruation var omkring 16 \u00e5r och dessutom kom kvinnorna i klimakteriet redan i 40-\u00e5rs \u00e5lder. D\u00e4remellan var vi huvudsakligen gravida, eller s\u00e5 ammade vi. Enligt ber\u00e4kningar som finns gjorda t\u00e4nker man sig att kvinnorna f\u00f6rr i tiden hade 16-17 menstruationer totalt under deras fertila tid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447766c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"447766c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PMDS behandling<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3f462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b3f462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det finns tv\u00e5 principer f\u00f6r behandling av PMDS; antigen anv\u00e4nder man serotonerga l\u00e4kemedel eller s\u00e5 anv\u00e4nder man l\u00e4kemedel som h\u00e4mmar \u00e4gglossning. Serotonerga l\u00e4kemedel anv\u00e4nds vanligen f\u00f6r att behandla depression och \u00e5ngest och verkar f\u00f6renklat genom att \u00f6ka niv\u00e5erna av signalsubstansen serotonin i hj\u00e4rnan.<\/p>\n<p>Det vetenskapliga underlaget f\u00f6r att rekommendera serotonerga l\u00e4kemedel \u00e4r starkt, tack vare ett stort antal v\u00e4l genomf\u00f6rda studier. Alla serotonerga l\u00e4kemedel fungerar, och behandlingseffekten kommer inom n\u00e5gra f\u00e5 dagar. Det sistn\u00e4mnda g\u00f6r att man kan ge behandlingen cykliskt, dvs enbart 14 dagar f\u00f6re mens. Men, man ska anv\u00e4nda r\u00e4tt dos av de serotonerga l\u00e4kemedlen, dvs den dos som annars anv\u00e4nds vid behandling av depression.<\/p>\n<p>De vanligaste biverkningarna \u00e4r illam\u00e5ende, s\u00f6mnsv\u00e5righeter, huvudv\u00e4rk, tr\u00f6tthet, diarr\u00e9 och yrsel. Dessa biverkningar \u00e4r \u00f6verg\u00e5ende och f\u00f6rsvinner som regel inom 4-5 dagar. Mer problematiskt \u00e4r de sexuella biverkningarna som finns beskrivna, minskad sexuell lust och sv\u00e5righeter att f\u00e5 orgasm. De sexuella biverkningarna brukar inte f\u00f6rsvinna med tiden, men finns bara under den period som man tar de serotonerga l\u00e4kemedlen. Under de veckor i menscykeln man \u00e4r utan behandling f\u00f6rsvinner dom.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.015em;\">Den andra v\u00e4gen att behandla PMDS \u00e4r att h\u00e4mma \u00e4gglossningen. Det kan vi g\u00f6ra p\u00e5 olika s\u00e4tt.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Kombinerade p-piller h\u00e4mmar \u00e4gglossning och kan anv\u00e4ndas vid PMDS, s\u00e4rskilt om det ocks\u00e5 finns ett preventivmedelsbehov. Det \u00e4r inte alla p-piller som fungerar s\u00e5 det \u00e4r viktigt att ta upp PMS eller PMDS problematik om man beh\u00f6ver preventivmedel. L\u00e5g \u00f6strogendos, kort (eller inget) tablettuppeh\u00e5ll och sn\u00e4lla gulkroppshormoner (som inte ger s\u00e5 mycket hum\u00f6rp\u00e5verkan) \u00e4r det man ska t\u00e4nka p\u00e5.<\/p>\n<p>Injektioner med hormonet GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndas och har ett bra vetenskapligt underlag. Nackdelen med behandlingen \u00e4r att hormonniv\u00e5erna blir mycket l\u00e5ga och man kan f\u00e5 klimakteriebesv\u00e4r som svettningar och vallningar. Behandlingseffekten sitter ocks\u00e5 i 3-6 m\u00e5nader efter att man tagit sin spruta, vilket g\u00f6r att de inte passar s\u00e5 bra f\u00f6r kvinnor som planerar att skaffa barn inom en rimlig framtid.<\/p>\n<p>Ulipristalacetat \u00e4r ett l\u00e4kemedel som anv\u00e4nds vid muskelknutor i livmodern. L\u00e4kemedlet h\u00e4mmar \u00e4gglossning och en svensk studie har visat att det fungerar bra vid PMDS. P\u00e5 grund av s\u00e4llsynta men allvarliga leverkomplikationer f\u00e5r det just nu bara f\u00f6rskrivas p\u00e5 strikt indikation.<\/p>\n<p>Bioidentiskt progesteron har testats en hel del vid PMDS. En systematisk genomg\u00e5ng av alla studier visar att det inte har n\u00e5gon effekt vid PMDS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7599cd1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"7599cd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>.elementor-toggle{text-align:start}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;cursor:pointer;outline:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon{display:inline-block;width:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon svg{margin-inline-start:-5px;width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-right{float:right;text-align:right}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-left{float:left;text-align:left}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active{border-bottom:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;display:none}@media (max-width:850px){.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{padding:12px}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:12px 10px}}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-toggle,.e-con>.elementor-widget-toggle{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1231\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Referenser<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1231\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1231\"><ol><li>Takeda T. Premenstrual disorders: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022.<\/li><li>Wittchen HU, Becker E, Lieb R, Krause P. Prevalence, incidence and stability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community. Psychol Med. 2002;32(1):119-32.<\/li><li>Sveindottir H, Backstrom T. Prevalence of menstrual cycle symptom cyclicity and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a random sample of women using and not using oral contraceptives. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2000;79(5):405-13.<\/li><li>Wikman A, Sacher J, Bixo M, Hirschberg AL, Kopp Kallner H, Epperson CN, Comasco E, Sundstr\u00f6m Poromaa I. Prevalence and correlates of current suicidal ideation in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):35.<\/li><li>Pereira D, Pessoa AR, Madeira N, Macedo A, Pereira AT. Association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perinatal depression: a systematic review. Archives of women&#8217;s mental health. 2022;25(1):61-70.<\/li><li>Slyepchenko A, Minuzzi L, Frey BN. Comorbid Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: A Review. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:719241.<\/li><li>Yan H, Ding Y, Guo W. Suicidality in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:339-46.<\/li><li>Li DJ, Tsai SJ, Bai YM, Su TP, Chen TJ, Liang CS, Chen MH. Risks of major affective disorders following a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A nationwide longitudinal study. Asian J Psychiatr. 2023;79:103355.<\/li><li>Hammarback S, Backstrom T. Induced anovulation as treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome. A double-blind cross-over study with GnRH-agonist versus placebo. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 1988;67(2):159-66.<\/li><li>Hammarback S, Ekholm UB, Backstrom T. Spontaneous anovulation causing disappearance of cyclical symptoms in women with the premenstrual syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1991;125(2):132-7.<\/li><li>Reilly TJ, Wallman P, Clark I, Knox CL, Craig MC, Taylor D. Intermittent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2022:2698811221099645.<\/li><li>Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa I, Bixo M, Bj\u00f6rn I, Nordh O. Compliance to antidepressant drug therapy for treatment of premenstrual syndrome. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;21(4):205-11.<\/li><li>Pearlstein TB, Bachmann GA, Zacur HA, Yonkers KA. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with a new drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive formulation. Contraception. 2005;72(6):414-21.<\/li><li>Yonkers KA, Brown C, Pearlstein TB, Foegh M, Sampson-Landers C, Rapkin A. Efficacy of a new low-dose oral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(3):492-501.<\/li><li>Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Ismail KM, Jones PW, O&#8217;Brien PM. The effectiveness of GnRHa with and without &#8216;add-back&#8217; therapy in treating premenstrual syndrome: a meta analysis. BJOG. 2004;111(6):585-93.<\/li><li>Comasco E, Kopp Kallner H, Bixo M, Hirschberg AL, Nyback S, de Grauw H, Epperson CN, Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa I. Ulipristal Acetate for Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178(3):256-65.<\/li><li>Wyatt K, Dimmock P, Jones P, Obhrai M, O&#8217;Brien S. Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. Bmj. 2001;323(7316):776-80.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Det finns tv\u00e5 begrepp som definierar de psykiska symtom som kvinnor kan uppleva under menstruationscykeln; Premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) och premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom (PMDS).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-att-forsta-sin-kropp","category-mens"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Premenstruellt syndrom och premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom - Hormonguiden<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Det finns tv\u00e5 begrepp som definierar de psykiska symtom som kvinnor kan uppleva under menscykeln; 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